Common Blood in Stool Causes: When to Seek Medical Help
Finding blood in your stool or on toilet paper after cleaning yourself can be concerning. But most of the time, it’s not serious and often goes away alone. Still, it’s important not to ignore it, because sometimes it could be a sign of a more serious health issue.
This guide will help you understand common reasons for blood in stool, when to consult a doctor, and what tests you might need.
Understanding Blood in Your Stool
Blood in the stool means there is some bleeding somewhere along your digestive tract, and it can appear differently depending on where the bleeding is happening:
- Bright red blood: Fresh, bright red blood often points to bleeding that originates from the lower digestive tract, particularly the rectum or anus.
- Dark or black stool: The bleeding likely comes from higher up in the digestive system, like the stomach or small intestine, where digestive juices turn the blood dark.
Common Reasons for Blood in Stool
Blood in stool can be caused by various issues, many of which are easily treatable. Here are some common causes:
1. Hemorrhoids (Piles)
- Swollen blood vessels inside or around the anus.
- Often caused by constipation, straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, or sitting for long periods.
- Typically causes bright red blood.
2. Anal Fissures
- Small tears in the lining of the anus.
- Usually happens due to passing hard stools.
- Causes pain and bleeding during bowel movements.
3. Diverticulosis
- Small pouches form in the walls of the intestines.
- Sometimes small pouches called diverticula in the colon can bleed if the blood vessels within them rupture.
4. Polyps
- Abnormal tissue growths, known as polyps, in the colon or rectum lining may also cause bleeding.
- Some may bleed.
- Some polyps can become cancerous if not removed.
5. Colorectal Cancer
- Although less common, blood in the stool can signal a more serious condition.
- Persistent bleeding or changes in bowel habits should be checked immediately.
6. Proctitis
- Inflammation of the rectum lining.
- Infections, radiation therapy, or inflammatory bowel disease can cause it.
7. Ulcers
- Sores in the stomach, intestines, or rectum that can bleed.
- It often causes dark or black stools.
8. Abscesses
- Infected and swollen areas around the anus.
- It can rupture and cause bleeding.
Could It Be Something You Ate?
Sometimes, red or pink stool isn’t blood at all. Eating certain foods, such as beets, cherries, tomatoes, or foods with red coloring, can temporarily change the color of your stool or urine. Often, minor bleeding clears up within a day or two without complications.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Make an appointment if you notice:
- Heavy or ongoing bleeding.
- Blood mixed in regularly with your stool.
- Black or tarry stools.
- Sudden changes in your bowel habits (constipation or diarrhea).
- Abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, or fatigue.
- A family history of colon cancer or polyps.
Early checkups help catch serious problems early, especially colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel diseases.
What Happens During a Medical Checkup?
Your doctor will:
- Ask about your medical history.
- Perform a physical exam, including looking at the anus.
- Possibly use an anoscope (a small tube with a light) to look inside the anus and lower rectum.
- Order blood tests to check for anemia or infection.
Further tests may include:
- Sigmoidoscopy: A sigmoidoscopy is a procedure that uses a flexible camera to inspect the lower part of the colon.
- Colonoscopy: Examines the entire colon and allows removal of polyps if needed.
Quick Summary Table: Causes of Blood in Stool
| Cause | Key Features | Stool Color | Typical Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hemorrhoids | Swollen veins near anus | Bright red | Diet changes, topical creams |
| Anal Fissures | Small tears causing pain | Bright red | Stool softeners, ointments |
| Diverticulosis | Pouches in intestine walls | Bright or dark red | Medical advice |
| Polyps | Abnormal growths | Sometimes bleed | Colonoscopy and removal |
| Colorectal Cancer | Persistent bleeding, weight loss | Dark, tarry | Specialized treatment |
| Proctitis | Rectal inflammation | Bright red | Medication |
| Ulcers | Sores in stomach or intestines | Black or dark | Medical treatment |
| Abscesses | Infections near anus | Bleeding and pus | Antibiotics or surgery |
(FAQs) About Blood in Stool Causes
Q1: Does the presence of blood in stool always indicate cancer?
No. Most cases are due to harmless causes like hemorrhoids or fissures. However, persistent or unexplained bleeding requires a doctor’s evaluation.
Q2: Can constipation cause blood in the stool?
Yes. Hard stools can cause tears in the anus or worsen hemorrhoids, leading to bleeding.
Q3: What foods can cause red stool without blood?
Beets, cherries, tomatoes, and foods with red coloring can temporarily change stool color.
Q4: How is rectal bleeding treated?
Treatment depends on the cause, from simple creams and diet changes to polyp removal or specialized cancer treatments.
Q5: How often should I get a colonoscopy?
For most people at average risk, every 10 years starting at age 50. Those with higher risk may need earlier or more frequent screenings.
Final Thoughts
Don’t panic if you see blood in your stool; take it seriously. Early medical advice ensures the best care and helps catch any serious issues early on. Adopting a healthy lifestyle and undergoing regular medical screenings are important steps to maintain digestive health and catch any issues early.
